The Dynamics of Artificial Intelligence-Based Islamic Religious Education Learning and Its Implications for the Moral Character Formation of Students in the Disruptive Era
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51468/jpi.v7i1.1544Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Islamic Religious Education (IRE), Disruptive era, Moral character formationAbstract
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced various sectors, including education, particularly in the context of the disruptive era. This study aims to examine the dynamics of AI-based Islamic Religious Education (IRE) learning and its implications for the moral character formation of students. The research employs a qualitative approach through a literature study, drawing on various academic sources such as books, journal articles, and relevant scientific publications. The data collection technique involves systematic documentation and review of literature related to AI in education, IRE learning strategies, and character education. Data analysis is conducted through stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to synthesize key findings and identify patterns across the literature. The results indicate that the integration of artificial intelligence in IRE learning provides opportunities for more adaptive, personalized, and interactive learning experiences. However, it also presents challenges, particularly in maintaining the balance between technological advancement and the cultivation of moral and spiritual values. The role of educators remains crucial in guiding students to internalize ethical values, ensuring that technology serves as a tool to support, rather than replace, the process of character formation. In conclusion, AI-based IRE learning in the disruptive era has significant implications for students’ moral character development. It requires a balanced approach that integrates technological innovation with value-based education to foster morally responsible and spiritually grounded individuals.
References
Ananiadou, K., & Claro, M. (2022). 21st century skills and competencies for new millennium learners in OECD countries. OECD Education Working Papers.
Ateeq, A., Alzoraiki, M., Milhem, M., & Ateeq, R. A. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: Implications for academic integrity and the shift toward holistic assessment. Frontiers in Education.
Bastomi, B., et al. (2024). Bringing artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning process. The Future of Education Journal.
Cathrin, S., & Wikandaru, R. (2023). The future of character education in the era of artificial intelligence. Humanika.
Cathrin, S., & Wikandaru, R. (2023). The future of character education in the era of artificial intelligence. Humanika, 23(1), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v23i1.59741
Downes, S. (2023). Recent developments in connectivism and networked learning. International Journal of Educational Technology.
Elias, M. J. (2025). Social–emotional competencies and character are at the foundation of education regardless of technology. Frontiers in Education.
Fauziah, F. (2025). The utilization of artificial intelligence in enhancing students' character and soft skills in the digital era: A literature review. Journal of Advance in Language, Literature, and Education.
Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., et al. (2022). AI4People—An ethical framework for a good AI society: Opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds and Machines, 32(1), 1–30.
Hidayat, T., & Syahidin. (2021). Value-based education in the digital era: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Islamic Education Studies.
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2022). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning (updated discussions). Boston: Center for Curriculum Redesign.
Khalifeh, F., Santiago, R., & Palau, R. (2026). Redefining personalized learning in the artificial intelligence era: An updated systematic review from 2019 to 2025. Smart Learning Environments.
Khalil, M., & Ebner, M. (2023). The use of artificial intelligence in education: A human-centered perspective. Education Sciences, 13(3), 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13030215
Makrakis, V. (2026). AI literacy for teacher educators: A holistic curriculum for capacity-building in higher education. Frontiers in Education.
MDPI. (2025). Systematic review of artificial intelligence in education: Trends, benefits, and challenges. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction.
Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2024). Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK): A revised framework for digital age teaching. Educational Technology Research and Development.
Mustari, M., Nurhayati, S., & Syarifuddin. (2026). AI-era digital literacy: Cultivating honesty in Islamic education. International Journal of Nusantara Islam.
Narvaez, D., & Lapsley, D. (2022). Moral development in a digital age: Revisiting Kohlberg’s theory. Journal of Moral Education, 51(3), 345–360.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2023). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (updated perspective). Guilford Press.
Setiawan, A., Rahimi, W., Rusiani, R., & Rabiah. (2023). Artificial intelligence in Islamic educational perspective: Insights from Said Nursi’s character education concept. SYAMIL: Journal of Islamic Education.
Siemens, G. (2022). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age revisited. Journal of Learning Analytics.
Taylor, E. W., & Cranton, P. (2022). The theory and practice of transformative learning (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Wang, X., Zainuddin, Z., & Leng, C. H. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence in pedagogical practices: A systematic review of empirical studies (2022–2024). Cogent Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2485499
Zawacki-Richter, O., Bond, M., Marin, V. I., & Gouverneur, F. (2022). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education.













